中国政府厉行禁毒。近五年来，我们坚持全面综合平衡禁毒战略，不断深化禁毒人民战争，大力整治突出毒品问题，完善毒品治理体系，推动禁毒工作取得显著成效，呈现出毒品违法犯罪活动下降、吸毒人数下降、毒品危害程度下降的良好态势。据国家统计局调查，2021年全国禁毒工作群众满意度达96.78%。
一、保持严打高压，毒品犯罪活动得到遏制。针对毒品供应主要来源于境外的情况和毒品走私贩运活动的规律特点，我们持续开展专项行动，对制贩毒活动进行全链条打击，对毒品走私入境进行全方位堵截，最大限度减少毒品供应。五年来，全国共破获毒品犯罪案件45.1万起，抓获犯罪嫌疑人58.8万名，缴获毒品305吨。毒品案件由2017年的14万起下降至2021年的5.4万起，连续5年年均降幅达20%以上。
二、强化戒治服务，戒毒康复成效持续巩固。深入开展吸毒人员“平安关爱”行动，政府出资为病残吸毒成瘾人员提供免费戒毒治疗，80%的吸毒人员在社区进行戒毒康复，最大限度减少毒品需求。推行个性化服务管理，每15名现有吸毒人员就有一名专职社区工作人员对其进行戒毒服务和支持。截至2021年底，全国现有吸毒人员148.6万名，较2016年底下降42.1%，仅占全国人口的1‰；戒断三年未发现复吸人员340.3万名，是2016年底的2.4倍。
三、深化宣传教育，全民识毒防毒拒毒意识明显增强。坚持预防为先，以青少年为重点实施全民毒品预防教育计划，构建全覆盖毒品预防教育体系，创新和丰富毒品预防教育的内容和形式，建立全国青少年毒品预防教育数字化平台，每年23万多所学校的1亿多名学生在线学习禁毒知识。全民禁毒意识得到大幅提高，全国新发现吸毒人员数量持续下降，2021年，全国新发现吸毒人员12.1万名、较2016年下降72.8%，现有35岁以下吸毒人员数量较2016年底下降57.1%。
四、强化清理整顿，易制毒化学品流失问题得到控制。深入开展制毒物品清理整顿，新增列管易制毒化学品15种，完善最终用户审核、流失监测、来源倒查机制，严厉打击制毒物品违法犯罪活动。强化往来重点国家双向查控。上线运行全国易制毒化学品管理信息系统，为20多万家企业提供免费服务，提升了全流程、闭环式管理水平。
五、着力超前防范，显现危害的麻醉品精神物质问题得到有效管控。开展打击芬太尼类物质等新型毒品犯罪专项行动，严密防范新型毒品研发制造，确保国内没有形成新型毒品滥用规模。新增列管58种新型毒品，创新整类列管模式，整类列管芬太尼类物质、合成大麻素类物质。中国是世界上列管毒品最多、管制最严的国家，现已列管449种麻醉品、精神物质。
六、大力强化重点整治，毒品问题严重地区状况根本改观。紧紧抓住重点地区，聚焦突出毒品问题，压实基层政府责任，坚持精准施策、综合治理，先后对139个县市区进行重点整治，制毒种毒、外流贩毒、毒品滥用等突出问题得到有效治理，对促进全国毒情持续好转发挥重要作用。
七、扎实推进示范创建，市域毒品治理水平明显提升。围绕更高水平平安中国建设，创新开展禁毒示范城市创建活动，参与创建的城市党委和政府高度重视，加强组织领导，层层落实责任，完善政策措施，深化综合治理。国家禁毒委命名首批41个全国禁毒示范城市，树立了一批毒品治理示范典型，推出了一批可复制可推广的成功经验，推动全国市域毒品治理向纵深发展。
八、积极助力脱贫攻坚，农村毒品治理成效不断显现。集中力量打好禁毒扶贫攻坚战，帮助服务因毒致贫人员，截至2020年底，全国涉毒贫困人口全部如期脱贫。接续推进农村毒品治理，深入实施“百县千村”重点攻坚，集中开展打击整治行动，着力解决源头性、根源性、区域性毒品问题，不断巩固脱贫攻坚成果，服务全面推进乡村振兴。
九、推动全球毒品共治，构建不受毒品危害的“人类命运共同体”。中方坚定支持国际禁毒三项公约，遵守2016年特别联大成果文件、2019年麻委会高级别会议部长级宣言中的承诺，务实推进双边、多边禁毒国际合作，积极、全面参与国际禁毒事业。深化与各国禁毒情报交流和执法合作，组织开展联合扫毒行动，联手打击跨国毒品犯罪；在联合国及上合组织、金砖国家等多边组织框架下发挥积极作用，推动构建互利共赢、务实高效、共治共享的合作关系，应对毒品问题带来的挑战。
十、推进科技应用，禁毒基层基础建设得到加强。建成国家毒品实验室和北京、浙江、广东、四川、陕西5个分中心，形成覆盖全国的毒品实验室技术支持网络，开展城市污水检测、毛发验毒和新精神活性物质筛查分析等工作。完善全国禁毒综合信息应用系统和研判平台，提升精准打击、精准管控能力。
China’s Narcotics Control Achievements over the Past Five Years
The Chinese government is always strictly enforcing drug control policies. Over the past five years, China has endeavored to deepen the battle against drugs, vigorously addressed prominent drug-related issues and optimized drug control system. Remarkable achievements have been made featuring decline in the number of drug offences and drug users as well as reduced harm caused by drugs. According to the statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics, people’s satisfaction level with narcotics control work in China reached up to 96.78% in 2021.
I. Strict crackdown measures were taken to effectively curb drug-related crimes. Considering that drugs were mainly from overseas, China launched special campaigns to disrupt the whole chain of drug manufacturing and trafficking, interdict the inflow of drugs from overseas and reduce drug supply to the largest extent. Over the past five years, China uncovered a total of 451,000 drug-related cases, with 588,000 suspects arrested and 305 tons of drugs seized. In 2021, the number of drug-related cases plummeted to 54,000 from 140,000 in 2017, with an average annual decline of over 20% for five consecutive years.
II. Drug rehabilitation services were strengthened to continuously consolidate the achievements made in drug rehabilitation. China further promoted the “Care for Drug Users” campaign to largely reduce drug demand. Free drug rehabilitation services were provided by the government to sick and disabled drug users and 80% of drug users received rehabilitation treatment in communities. Personalized services were provided to drug users under treatment, and every 15 drug users were supported by one full-time social worker. There were 1,486,000 drug users in China by the end of 2021, dropping by 42.1% compared to the same period in 2016 and accounting for only 1‰ of the national population. There were 3,403,000 people who had abstained from drugs for three or more years, 2.4 times the number at the end of 2016.
III. Publicity and education was further strengthened which led to proved awareness raising among public against drugs. Putting prevention first, the Chinese authorities implemented the national drug prevention education program focusing on teenagers, built the full-coverage drug prevention education systems, innovated and enriched the contents and forms of drug prevention education. The National Digital Platform of Drug Prevention Education for Youth was set up, bringing knowledge about drug control for over 100 million students from more than 230,000 schools throughout China each year. Thanks to all these efforts, people’s drug awareness was dramatically raised and the number of new drug users dropped continuously. In 2021, there were 121,000 new drug users in China, down by 72.8% compared to that in 2016. The number of current drug users under the age of 35 dropped by 57.1% compared to that at the end of 2016.
IV. Control on precursor chemicals was strengthened to curb illicit diversion. The Chinese authorities enhanced the control on precursors by newly scheduling 15 types of precursor chemicals, optimizing the end-user verification, diversion monitoring and source tracking mechanism, and severely cracking down on relevant offences. The Chinese authorities also strengthened the import & export inspection on precursor chemicals from and to key countries, launched the National Precursor Chemicals Management Information System that serves over 200,000 enterprises free of charge, and improved the level of full-process and closed-loop management.
V. Preventive measures were taken to effectively control harmful narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Special campaigns were launched to crack down on crimes involving new drugs including fentanyl-related sustances, and to prevent the research, development, manufacturing and large-scale use of new drugs. The Chinese authorities listed 58 types of new drugs as controlled substances, and innovatively scheduled the whole category of fentanyl and synthetic cannabinoids. China has the largest number of controlled drugs and the most strict drug control measures in the world, with 449 narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances scheduled.
VI. Rectification was carried forward and situation in critical drug-affected areas had been fundamentally changed. Placing importance on key areas and prominent drug-related issues, the Chinese authorities urged local governments to earnestly fulfil their responsibilities, take targeted and integrated measures to effectively address the prominent issues faced by 139 counties, cities and districts, e.g. drug manufacturing, cultivation, trafficking, abuse, etc., contributing to the continuous improvement of the whole drug situation in China.
VII. The creation and demonstration of model cities was solidly advanced which brought visible improvement to the city-wide management of drug issues. The Chinese authorities innovatively conducted demonstration of model cities under the Safe China initiative and won great support from the governments of participating cities. The Chinese authorities also strengthened the organizational leadership, clarified responsibilities, optimized policies and measures, and deepened the comprehensive governance. China National Narcotics Control Commission designated the first batch of 41 national anti-drug demonstration cities, promoted their best practices and successful experience, and improved the drug control work at city level throughout China.
VIII. Progress was made in dealing with rural drug problems by combining anti-drug and poverty alleviation efforts. The Chinese authorities made concerted efforts to fight illicit drugs, reduce poverty and help those who become impoverished due to drugs. By the end of 2020, all drug-related impoverished people in China were lifted out of poverty as scheduled. Drug control work in rural areas was advanced continuously by selecting nearly one thousand counties, towns and villages and launching special campaigns targeting at the root causes of regional drug problems. In this way, the Chinese authorities consolidated the achievements of poverty relief measures and empowered the comprehensive advancement of rural revitalization.
IX. International cooperation was enhanced to jointly build a drug-free community with shared future for mankind. China has always firmly supported the three international drug control conventions, implemented the UNGASS 2016 outcome document on world drug problems and commitments outlined in the 2019 CND Ministerial Declaration. The Chinese authorities have pragmatically promoted international drug control cooperation at bilateral and multilateral levels, actively and fully participated in international drug control efforts. Moreover, China has deepened drug intelligence exchange and law enforcement cooperation with other countries, conducted joint anti-drug campaigns to crack down on transnational drug trafficking, and played a positive role under the framework of the UN, SCO, BRICS and other multilateral organizations to enhance mutually-benefited, pragmatic and efficient cooperative relations to deal with the challenges brought by drug issues.
X. Narcotics control capabilities at local levels were strengthened by advancing technology applications. National Drug Laboratory was established with five sub-centers located in Beijing, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Sichuan and Shannxi, forming a drug laboratory technical support network that covers the whole China. Urban wastewater analysis, hair follicle drug test, screening and analysis of new psychoactive substances were conducted, and the national anti-drug information and analysis platform was perfected to improve the precise targeting and control capabilities.